1.1 Perusteet

Tärkeintä että data tidy-muodossa! Sitten kaikki on mahdollista!

library(tidyverse)


d <- mtcars
d$model <- row.names(d)
d$brand <- gsub("\\s.+$","",d$model)
d <- as_tibble(d)

# Pisteet geom_point()



# Viivat geom_line()



# Tolpat geom_bar()



# Tilastolliset jakaumaa kuvaavat graafit

## geom_histogram()


## geom_density()


## geom_boxplot()

1.2 Paneelit ie. facets

• http://www.cookbook-r.com/Graphs/Facets_(ggplot2)/

1.3 Faktorit

• http://forcats.tidyverse.org/

Factors are used to describe categorical variables with a fixed and known set of levels. You can create factors with the base factor() or readr::parse_factor():

library(forcats)

x1 <- c("Dec", "Apr", "Jan", "Mar")
month_levels <- c(
  "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", 
  "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"
)
factor(x1, month_levels)
readr::parse_factor(x1, month_levels)

The advantage of parse_factor() is that it will generate a warning if values of x are not valid levels:

x2 <- c("Dec", "Apr", "Jam", "Mar")

factor(x2, month_levels)

parse_factor(x2, month_levels)

d <- mtcars
d$model <- row.names(d)
d$brand <- gsub("\\s.+$","",d$model)
d <- as_tibble(d)

ggplot(d, aes(x=model,y=mpg,group=brand)) + 
  geom_point() +
  theme(axis.text = element_text(angle=90))

d$model <- fct_inorder(d$model) #
ggplot(d, aes(x=model,y=mpg,group=brand)) + 
  geom_point() + 
  theme(axis.text = element_text(angle=90))

d$brand <- fct_infreq(d$brand) #
ggplot(d, aes(x=brand,y=mpg,group=brand)) + 
  geom_point() + 
  theme(axis.text = element_text(angle=90))


# relevel
f <- factor(c("a", "b", "c"))
fct_relevel(f)
fct_relevel(f, "c")
fct_relevel(f, "b", "a")

# reverse
fct_rev(f)

# reorder
fct_reorder()
d$model <- fct_reorder(d$model, d$mpg) #
ggplot(d, aes(x=model,y=mpg,group=brand)) + 
  geom_point() + 
  theme(axis.text = element_text(angle=90))

1.4 theme

The theming system in ggplot2 enables a user to control non-data elements of a ggplot object. It is composed of the following:

• theme elements, which refer to individual attributes of a graphic that are independent of the data, such as font size, axis ticks, appearance of grid lines or background color of a legend;
• theme element functions, which enables you to modify the settings of certain theme elements;
• theme functions, which define the settings of a collection of theme elements for the purpose of creating a specific style of graphics production;
• the theme() function, used to locally modify one or more theme elements in a specific ggplot object.

1.5 Hyviä tapoja kirjoittaa kuvien koodia

# Tapa A
## Käsittele data
d <- mtcars
d$brand <- row.names(d)
d <- as_tibble(d)

## Luo kuvio kerros kerrokselta
p <- ggplot()
p <- p + geom_point(data=d, aes(x=brand,y=mpg))

# Tapa B

d <- readRDS(gzcon(url("http://courses.markuskainu.fi/utur2016/database/malesdata.RDS")))

d %>% group_by(year) %>% 
  summarise(mdw = median(wage, na.rm=TRUE),
            mw = mean(wage, na.rm=TRUE)) %>% 
  # Kuva alkaa - koska data tulee yo. prosessista, merkitään sitä vain pisteellä (.)
  ggplot(., aes(x=year,y=mw)) + geom_point()

1.6 Skaalat

1.7 Erilaiset koordinaattijärjestelmät

1.8 Lisäteemat ja ggplot2-paketin laajentaminen

• http://r4ds.had.co.nz/graphics-for-communication.html#themes
• ggthemes-paketti: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggthemes/vignettes/ggthemes.html
• ggthemr-paketti: http://www.shanelynn.ie/themes-and-colours-for-r-ggplots-with-ggthemr/
• ggplot2 themes http://docs.ggplot2.org/dev/vignettes/themes.html
• Extending ggplot2 http://docs.ggplot2.org/dev/vignettes/extending-ggplot2.html

Linkkejä ggplot2:n laajennoksia

• ggthemes - plot style themes
• ggmap - maps with Google Maps, Open Street Maps, etc.
• ggiraph - interactive ggplots
• ggstance - horizontal versions of common plots
• GGally - scatterplot matrices
• ggalt - additional coordinate systems, geoms, etc.
• ggforce - additional geoms, etc.
• ggrepel - prevent plot labels from overlapping
• ggraph - graphs, networks, trees and more
• ggpmisc - photo-biology related extensions
• geomnet - network visualization
• ggExtra - marginal histograms for a plot
• gganimate - animations
• plotROC - interactive ROC plots
• ggspectra - tools for plotting light spectra
• ggnetwork - geoms to plot networks
• ggtech - style themes for plots
• ggradar - radar charts
• ggTimeSeries - time series visualizations
• ggtree - tree visualizations
• ggseas - seasonal adjustment tools